if, if...else and switch statements in C with samples
By: Siva in C Tutorials on 2008-08-06
If ……….else statement:
The if..else statement is a two way branch: it means do one thing or the other. When it is executed, the condition is evaluated and if it has the value `true' (i.e. not zero) then statement1 is executed. If the condition is `false' (or zero) then statement2 is executed. The if..else construction often saves an unnecessary test from having to be made.
if (condition)
{
statements
}
else
{
statements
}
Example:
/*-------------------------------------------------------*/ /* To find whether a given year is leap or not */ /*-------------------------------------------------------*/ main() { int y, r1, r2; printf("Enter a year"); scanf("% d", &y); r1 = y % 4; if (r1 = = 0) { r2 = y % 100; if (r2 = = 0) printf("The given year is not a leap year"); else printf("The given year is a leap year"); } else printf("The given year is not a leap year"); }
Logical Operators:
Comparisons are often made in pairs or even in groups and linked together with words like OR and AND. The following are the logical operators in C:
- || [logical OR]
- & & [logical AND]
- ! [logical NOT]
[ || ]OR Logical Operator
Condition-I Condition-II Result ----------- ----------- --------- True False True False True True False False False True True True
[& &]AND Logical Operator
Condition-I Condition-II Result ---------- ------------ --------- True False False False True False False False False True True True
[!] NOT Logical Operator
!(True) => False
!(false) => True
Example:
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* To check whether a given alphabet is capital or not (using logical operator) */ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ main() { char x; printf("Enter an alphabet"); scanf("%c", &x); if (x >= 65 && x <= 90) printf("The given alphabet is capital"); else printf("The given alphabet is not capital"); }
Switch Statement:
The switch statement is another way of making a program path branch into lots of different limbs. The switch statement has the following form:
switch (integer value or constant value)
{
case 1: statement1;
break; /* optional line */
case 2: statement2;
break; /* optional line */
....
default: default statement
break; /* optional line */
}
Example:
/* Input a direction code and print the direction name(using switch)*/ main() { char y; clrscr(); printf("Enter the code"); scanf("%c", &y); switch (y) { case 'N': printf("North Direction"); break; case 'S': printf("South Direction"); break; case 'E': printf("East Direction"); break; default: printf("West Direction"); break; } }
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