C++ Tutorials
51. Using cout.fill() in C++
By: Jagan : 2007-09-17
Description: Normally cout fills the empty field created by a call to width() with spaces, as shown above. At times you may want to fill the area with other characters, such as asterisks. To do this, you call fill() and pass in as a parameter the character you want used as a fill character. Listing below illustrates this.
52. Opening files for read and write in C++
By: Kamini : 2007-09-17
Description: To open the file myfile.cpp with an ofstream object, declare an instance of an ofstream object and pass in the filename as a parameter:
53. Using command-line arguments in C++
By: Lakshmi : 2007-09-17
Description: Many operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, enable the user to pass parameters to your program when the program starts. These are called command-line options, and are typically separated by spaces on the command line. For example:
54. Pointers to functions in C++
By: Manoj Kumar : 2007-09-17
Description: Just as an array name is a constant pointer to the first element of the array, a function name is a constant pointer to the function. It is possible to declare a pointer variable that points to a function, and to invoke the function by using that pointer. This can be very useful; it allows you to create programs that decide which functions to invoke based on user input.
55. Multiple inheritance example in C++
By: Norman Chap : 2007-09-17
Description: It is possible to derive a new class from more than one base class. This is called Multiple Inheritance. To derive from more than the base class, you separate each base class by commas in the class designation. Listing below illustrates how to declare Pegasus so that it derives from both Horses and Birds. The program then adds Pegasus objects to both types of lists.
56. virtual inheritance example in C++
By: Priya : 2007-09-17
Description: Normally, a class's constructor initializes only its own variables and its base class. Virtually inherited base classes are an exception, however. They are initialized by their most derived class. Thus, Animal is initialized not by Horse and Bird, but by Pegasus. Horse and Bird have to initialize Animal in their constructors, but these initializations will be ignored when a Pegasus object is created.
57. Implementing Pure Virtual Functions in C++
By: Reema sen : 2007-09-17
Description: Typically, the pure virtual functions in an abstract base class are never implemented. Because no objects of that type are ever created, there is no reason to provide implementations, and the ADT works purely as the definition of an interface to objects which derive from it.
58. Converting C++ Abstract Classes into Java Interfaces
By: Baski : 2007-09-15
Description: One of the most innovative aspects of Java is the interface. An interface specifies the form of its various methods without specifying any implementation details. Each class that implements an interface does so by creating the actual methods declared by the interface. Thus, in Java an interface is the means by which you can define the general form of a class while ensuring that all specific versions of the class conform to the same set of rules. The interface is one of the ways that Java provides support for polymorphism.
59. C++ Destructors Versus Java Finalization
By: Emiley J : 2007-09-15
Description: When you move from C++ to Java, one of the more subtle, yet important issues you will face is the difference between a C++ destructor and a Java finalize() method. Although similar in many respects, their actual operation is distinctively different. Let's begin by reviewing the purpose and effect of a C++ destructor and the Java finalize() method. In C++, when an object goes out of scope, it is destroyed. Just prior to its destruction, its destructor function is called (if it has one). This is a hard-and-fast rule. There are no exceptions. Let's look more closely at each part of this rule:
60. Converting C++ Multiple-Inheritance Hierarchies to Java
By: Daniel Malcolm : 2007-09-15
Description: C++ allows one class to inherit two or more base classes at the same time. Java does not. To understand the difference, consider the two hierarchies depicted here: In both cases, subclass C inherits classes A and B. However, in the hierarchy on the left, C inherits both A and B at the same time. In the one on the right, B inherits A, and C inherits B. By not allowing the inheritance of multiple base classes by a single subclass, Java greatly simplifies the inheritance model. Multiple inheritance carries with it several special cases that must be handled. This adds overhead to both the compiler and the run-time system, while providing only marginal benefit for the programmer.