Programming Tutorials

header() in Ruby

By: Jeeva in Ruby Tutorials on 2009-03-03  

header(options = "text/html")

Create an HTTP header block as a string.

Includes the empty line that ends the header block.

options can be a string specifying the Content-Type (defaults to text/html), or a hash of header key/value pairs. The following header keys are recognized:

type: the Content-Type header. Defaults to "text/html"
charset: the charset of the body, appended to the Content-Type header.
nph: a boolean value. If true, prepend protocol string and status code, and date; and sets default values for "server" and "connection" if not explicitly set.
status: the HTTP status code, returned as the Status header. See the list of available status codes below.
server: the server software, returned as the Server header.
connection: the connection type, returned as the Connection header (for instance, "close".
length: the length of the content that will be sent, returned as the Content-Length header.
language: the language of the content, returned as the Content-Language header.
expires: the time on which the current content expires, as a Time object, returned as the Expires header.
cookie: a cookie or cookies, returned as one or more Set-Cookie headers. The value can be the literal string of the cookie; a CGI::Cookie object; an Array of literal cookie strings or Cookie objects; or a hash all of whose values are literal cookie strings or Cookie objects. These cookies are in addition to the cookies held in the @output_cookies field.

Other header lines can also be set; they are appended as key: value.

  header
    # Content-Type: text/html

  header("text/plain")
    # Content-Type: text/plain

  header("nph"        => true,
         "status"     => "OK",  # == "200 OK"
           # "status"     => "200 GOOD",
         "server"     => ENV['SERVER_SOFTWARE'],
         "connection" => "close",
         "type"       => "text/html",
         "charset"    => "iso-2022-jp",
           # Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-2022-jp
         "length"     => 103,
         "language"   => "ja",
         "expires"    => Time.now + 30,
         "cookie"     => [cookie1, cookie2],
         "my_header1" => "my_value"
         "my_header2" => "my_value")

The status codes are:

  "OK"                  --> "200 OK"
  "PARTIAL_CONTENT"     --> "206 Partial Content"
  "MULTIPLE_CHOICES"    --> "300 Multiple Choices"
  "MOVED"               --> "301 Moved Permanently"
  "REDIRECT"            --> "302 Found"
  "NOT_MODIFIED"        --> "304 Not Modified"
  "BAD_REQUEST"         --> "400 Bad Request"
  "AUTH_REQUIRED"       --> "401 Authorization Required"
  "FORBIDDEN"           --> "403 Forbidden"
  "NOT_FOUND"           --> "404 Not Found"
  "METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED"  --> "405 Method Not Allowed"
  "NOT_ACCEPTABLE"      --> "406 Not Acceptable"
  "LENGTH_REQUIRED"     --> "411 Length Required"
  "PRECONDITION_FAILED" --> "412 Precondition Failed"
  "SERVER_ERROR"        --> "500 Internal Server Error"
  "NOT_IMPLEMENTED"     --> "501 Method Not Implemented"
  "BAD_GATEWAY"         --> "502 Bad Gateway"
  "VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES" --> "506 Variant Also Negotiates"

This method does not perform charset conversion.






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